Introduction
In this detailed tutorial, we explore the step-by-step process of constructing a highly efficient, eco-friendly waste oil heater suitable for garages and workshops. This innovative system repurposes an old 55-gallon drum along with a standard propane tank to create a versatile heating unit that doubles as a cooking surface, harnessing used waste oil as its fuel source.
Step 1: Fabricating the Waste Oil Burner Assembly
The foundational component of this heater is the waste oil burner. To craft it, start by sourcing a four-inch tin can and a candy tin, both widely available at local hardware or craft stores. Carefully place the tin can at the center of the candy tin and mark the outline for precise cutting. Use a chisel or a sharp utility knife to cut out the marked circle, ensuring a snug fit for the tin can. Precision here is crucial to prevent any air leaks or instability during operation.
Next, drill approximately 15 small, evenly spaced holes around the perimeter of the tin can’s base within the candy tin. These serve as air intake vents, facilitating optimal airflow and combustion efficiency. The tin can functions as a chimney, directing airflow upward towards the combustion zone. Insert the can into the hole, with the open end facing downward toward the base, ensuring a tight seal to promote proper draft and airflow.
This burner design consumes just over two liters of used waste oil per hour, yet produces significant heat output, making it an effective and economical heating solution.
Step 2: Preparing and Modifying the Propane Tank
Prior to any modifications, ensure the propane tank is completely devoid of residual gas. To do this safely, open the valve outdoors and allow any remaining propane to vent fully. Once confirmed empty, fill the tank with water and let it sit for at least 24 hours. This process neutralizes residual fumes and enhances safety during disassembly.
After the soaking period, carefully cut the tank into two sections: a top chamber measuring seven inches in height and a bottom chamber of three inches. These chambers will serve as separate compartments for combustion and air intake, respectively. Cut two ventilation openings on the top of the tank to facilitate exhaust fumes and provide fresh air intake for combustion, ensuring safe and efficient operation.
Step 3: Installing the Separator and Constructing Access Doors
For optimal performance, create a disc separator from a 4mm steel plate cut into a circular shape with a central hole. This separator fits snugly between the upper and lower chambers of the tank, helping regulate airflow and improve combustion efficiency. Position the burner assembly within the upper chamber, ensuring that combustion occurs in this zone while the lower chamber functions as the fresh air intake.
Using leftover steel from the tank, craft inspection doors for both chambers. The upper door includes a welded screen, allowing easy visual monitoring of the flame and combustion process. These doors are essential safety features, containing internal components securely while facilitating maintenance and inspection.
Step 4: Assembling the Heat Radiator and Cooktop Surface
The next phase involves transforming a 55-gallon drum into a heat radiating unit. Position the drum horizontally and cut a section to create an opening that accommodates the burner assembly. Inside, install a steel plate acting as a cooking surface, providing a practical and convenient feature for heating or boiling small items.
On the opposite side, cut an appropriate hole so the drum can sit tightly atop the propane tank, ensuring stability and optimal heat transfer. This setup not only distributes heat effectively but also creates a versatile cooking station.
Step 5: Implementing Heat Distribution and Exhaust Systems
Enhance heat dispersal by welding a 6-inch steel pipe vertically onto the sides of the drum. This pipe functions as a heat conduit and a draft pathway. Weld a flue pipe onto the top of this conduit, allowing exhaust gases to escape safely while directing hot air into the workspace.
This configuration ensures efficient heat circulation, with the hot gases rising through the drum and dispersing into the environment, creating a warm and comfortable working area while preventing dangerous buildup of fumes.
Step 6: Designing the Drip Feed Oil Delivery System
A critical component for safe and efficient operation is the drip feed system, which precisely controls waste oil flow into the burner. Start with a storage bucket for waste oil, connected via a half-inch pipe fitted with a ball valve for fine-tuned flow regulation. From there, connect to a gate valve as an additional flow control point.
Inside a larger pipe, insert a half-inch copper pipe within a one-inch mild steel pipe, connected through an elbow fitting. This arrangement allows for smooth, controlled drip feeding of waste oil directly into the burn chamber. The oil is fed into the candy tin, sustaining continuous combustion.
To operate, initially add kerosene to warm up the system, then ignite using a torch. Allow the heater to reach the appropriate temperature before gradually opening the drip valve to commence waste oil input. This method ensures a stable flame and efficient heat generation, capable of warming large spaces effectively.
Conclusion
By following these comprehensive steps, you can create a robust, sustainable waste oil heater tailored for your garage or workshop. This system not only recycles used oil, reducing waste and pollution, but also provides a cost-effective and powerful heating solution. With proper safety precautions and regular maintenance, your homemade waste oil garage heater can serve reliably for years to come.